Scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison have successfully developed the first 3D-printed brain tissue capable of growing and functioning like natural brain tissue. This breakthrough holds significant implications for the study of the brain and the development of treatments for various neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.
Led by Professor Su-Chun Zhang at UW-Madison’s Waisman Center, the research introduces a novel 3D-printing method, distinct from traditional vertical layer stacking. Instead, the team adopted a horizontal approach, placing brain cells—neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells—in a softer “bio-ink” gel. This innovative technique allows for the growth of neurons and facilitates communication between them, resembling the intricate networks found in human brains.
The study, outlined in the journal Cell Stem Cell, demonstrates the success of the horizontal printing method, enabling neurons to form connections within and across layers, creating networks akin to natural brain structures. The precision and control offered by this technique surpass brain organoids, providing researchers the ability to design and print brain tissue with specific cell types and arrangements.
Zhang highlights the potential applications of this technology, including studying signaling in conditions like Down syndrome, exploring interactions between healthy and Alzheimer’s-affected tissue, testing new drugs, and observing brain growth. The flexibility of the printed brain tissue allows for a comprehensive examination of brain networks and their operation under various conditions.
The accessibility of the printing technique is noteworthy, requiring standard equipment and culturing methods common in labs. The researchers foresee potential improvements to the bio-ink and equipment to allow for specific orientations of cells within the printed tissue.
This groundbreaking development opens up new avenues for studying brain function, developmental disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions, offering hope for advancements in treatments and understanding the complexities of the human brain.